Media Magazine - Netflix and the Cultural Industries
1) What does the 'industry' concept in A Level Media Studies refer to?
The ‘industry’ concept refers to the companies that create and distribute media texts, the standard practices of media production, as well as the regulatory and legal frameworks in which the companies operate.
2) What does David Hesmondhalgh argue with regards to how the creative industries have changed since the 1980s?
since the 1980s there’s been a significant shift in cultural production. Cultural industries have moved closer to the centre of economic action, there has been an increase in media corporations owning companies in different sectors of the industry, globalisation has meant media texts can circulate more easily across borders reducing North American dominance
3) Choose the three most significant points Hesmondhalgh makes regarding the changing cultural industries. Why are these the most significant in your view?
• Advertising ‘dollars’ have significantly increased as has cross promotion within texts
• Digitisation has allowed the technology sector to compete directly with traditional media companies
• Niche audiences are increasingly targeted.
4) What is technological convergence?
Technological convergence is the digitisation of media meant every media form could be accessed on computers. This is also known as digital convergence
5) How are technology companies challenging traditional broadcasters in the TV industry?
Amazon (originally an online book seller) is now producing its own ‘television’ programmes. In doing this it followed Netflix, which began as a postal DVD service, in ‘liberating’ television programmes from broadcasters’ schedules with on-demand viewing.
6) What budgets will Netflix, Amazon and Apple spend on original programming next year according to the article?
Next year Netflix plans to spend $8bn on original material; Amazon’s budget is estimated at $4.5bn. Apple has recently joined the fray with a $1bn spend.
7) How many countries are Netflix and Amazon available in?
the Internet is the perfect global distribution network. In 2016 Netflix simultaneously launched its service in 130 new countries, bringing its total to 190, and Amazon opened in 200. Going global means they have to pay for the license to broadcast individual shows in different countries so another advantage of creating their own content is that Netflix or Amazon automatically own the copyright for the programmes and don’t have to purchase additional distrbution permissions.
8) The global nature of modern television means producers are having to consider international audiences when creating content. What example from Netflix does the article use to explain this?
For example, take the monster in Stranger Things named (by the kids) the ‘Demogorgon’ after a Dungeons & Dragons demon prince. To ensure that connection transcended language barriers, Netflix’s team dug into old D&D materials to nail down how various cultures translated ‘Demogorgon’ in the mid-1970s. (Barrett 2017)
9) Do you think technology companies such as Google, Facebook and Amazon will increase their interest in the television industry?
10) How do changes in technology influence the creation of TV dramas such as Capital or Deutschland 83? Try and make specific references to the two TV CSPs in your answer.
The Guardian: How tech is changing television
1) What are the traditional lengths for TV drama and what dictated these programme formats?
2) How have streaming services such as Netflix or Amazon Prime changed the way TV drama narratives are constructed?
3) Why has the rise in streaming led to more complex storylines and an increase in cliffhangers?
4) How have the "economics of production" kept TV drama largely sticking to the 45- or 60-minute episode format?
5) How has "permanent 24/7 connectivity" changed both the production and consumption of TV drama?
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